Sifat Fisika dan Kimia Alkana, Alkena, Alkuna, Senyawa Kimia

<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Sifat Fisika dan Kimia Alkana, Alkena, Alkuna, Senyawa Kimia - Berikut ini adalah materi lengkapnya :<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <a href="http://comeon-moveon.blogspot.com/2013/09/sifat-fisik-kimia-alkana-alkena-alkuna-senyawa-kimia.html"><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">1.</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Sifat Senyawa Alkana</span></b></a><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">a.</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Sifat Fisika Alkana</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">1) Semua hidrokarbon merupakan senyawa nonpolar sehingga tidak larut dalam air. Jika suatu hidrokarbon bercampur dengan air, maka lapisan hidrokarbon selalu di atas sebab massa jenisnya lebih kecil daripada 1. Pelarut yang baik untuk hidrokarbon adalah pelarut nonpolar, seperti </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">CCl₄</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> atau atau sedikit polar (dietil eter atau benzena).<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">2) Alkana mudah larut dalam pelarut organik. [1]<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Semakin bertambah jumlah atom C maka Mr ikut bertambah akibatnya titik didih dan titik leleh semakin tinggi. Alkana rantai lurus mempunyai titik didih lebih tinggi dibanding alkana rantai bercabang dengan jumlah atom C sama. Semakin banyak cabang, titik didih makin rendah. [1]<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">3) Pada suhu dan tekanan biasa, empat alkana yang pertama (</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">CH₄</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> sampai </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">C₄H₁₀</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">  berwujud gas. Pentana (</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">C₅H₁₂</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">) sampai heptadekana (</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">C₁₇H₃₆</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">) berwujud cair, sedangkan oktadekana (</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">C₁₈H₃₈</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">) dan seterusnya berwujud padat.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Alkana lebih ringan dari air. [2]<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">b.</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Sifat Kimia Alkana</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">1) Alkana dan sikloalkana tidak reaktif, cukup stabil apabila dibandingkan dengan senyawa organik lainnya. Oleh karena kurang reaktif, alkana kadang disebut paraffin (berasal dari bahasa Latin: parum affins, yang artinya "afinitas kecil sekali"). [2]<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">2) Pembakaran/oksidasi alkana bersifat eksotermik (menghasilkan kalor). Pembakaran alkana berlangsung sempurna dan tidak sempurna. Pembakaran sempurna menghasilkan gas </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">CO</span>_{<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">2</span>}<span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> sedang pembakaran tidak sempurna menghasilkan gas CO. [1] Itulah sebabnya alkana digunakan sebagai bahan bakar. Secara rata-rata, oksidasi 1 gram alkana menghasilkan energi sebesar 50.000 joule.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Reaksi pembakaran sempurna :<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">CH₄(g) + 2 O₂(g) <b>→</b> CO₂(g) + 2 H₂O(g) + E</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">nergi<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Reaksi pembakaran tak sempurna:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">2 CH₄(g) + 3 O₂(g) <b>→</b> 2 CO(g) + 4 H₂O(g) + E</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">nergi<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">3) Jika direaksikan dengan unsur-unsur halogen </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">(F₂, Cl₂, Br₂, dan I₂),</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> maka atom-atom H pada alkana mudah mengalami substitusi (penukaran) oleh atom-atom halogen.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">CH₄</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">+ Cl₂</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">→ CH₃Cl (metilklorida (klorometana)) + HCl<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">CH₃Cl + Cl₂</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">→ CH₂Cl₂</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">(diklorometana) + HCl<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">CH₂Cl₂</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">+ Cl₂→ CHCl3 (kloroform (triklorometana)) + HCl<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">CHCl₃ + Cl₂ → CCl₄ (karbon tetraklorida) + HCl</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">4)Senyawa alkana rantai panjang dapat mengalami reaksi eliminasi. Reaksi eliminasi adalah reaksi penghilangan atom/gugus atom untuk memperoleh senyawa karbon lebih sederhana. [1] Contoh pada reaksi eliminasi termal minyak bumi dan gas alam.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 649px;"> <tbody> <tr style="height: 14.25pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 116.35pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.55pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">800 - 900</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span>^{<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">o</span>}<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">C</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 163.45pt;" valign="top" width="218"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.5pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.75pt;" valign="top" width="105"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 13.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="height: 13.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 116.35pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">CH₃ - CH₂ - CH₃</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 13.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.55pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">→</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 13.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 163.45pt;" valign="top" width="218"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">CH₃ - CH = CH₂ + H₂</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 13.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.5pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 13.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.75pt;" valign="top" width="105"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 14.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 116.35pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">propana</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.55pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 163.45pt;" valign="top" width="218"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">propena</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.5pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.75pt;" valign="top" width="105"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 14.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 116.35pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.55pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 163.45pt;" valign="top" width="218"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.5pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.75pt;" valign="top" width="105"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 14.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 116.35pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.55pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">800 - 900</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span>^{<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">o</span>}<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;">C</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 163.45pt;" valign="top" width="218"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.5pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.75pt;" valign="top" width="105"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 13.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td style="height: 13.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 116.35pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">CH₃ - CH₂ - CH₃</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 13.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.55pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">→</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 13.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 163.45pt;" valign="top" width="218"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">CH₂ = CH₂</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 13.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.5pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">+</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 13.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.75pt;" valign="top" width="105"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">CH₄</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 14.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 116.35pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">propana</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.55pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 163.45pt;" valign="top" width="218"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">etena</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.5pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.75pt;" valign="top" width="105"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">metana</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3496094008741877628" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3496094008741877628" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3496094008741877628" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3496094008741877628" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3496094008741877628" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3496094008741877628" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3496094008741877628" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3496094008741877628" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3496094008741877628" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <a href="http://comeon-moveon.blogspot.com/2013/09/sifat-fisik-kimia-alkana-alkena-alkuna-senyawa-kimia.html"><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">2.</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Sifat Senyawa Alkena</span></b></a><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">a.</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Sifat Fisika Alkena</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> 1) Alkena memiliki sifat fisika yang sama dengan alkana. Perbedaannya yaitu, alkena sedikit larut dalam air. Hal ini disebabkan oleh adanya ikatan rangkap yang membentuk ikatan </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">π</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">. Ikatan</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">π</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> tersebut akan ditarik oleh hidrogen dari air yang bermuatan positif sebagian.<br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> 2) Titik leleh dan titik didih alkena hampir sama dengan alkana yang sesuai, makin bertambah jumlah atom C, harga Mr makin besar maka titik didihnya makin tinggi.<br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> b.</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Sifat Kimia Alkena</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /></span><br /> <b><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br /></span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Alkena jauh lebih reaktif daripada alkana karena adanya ikatan rangkap. Reaksi alkena terutama terjadi pada ikatan rangkap tersebut.<br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> Reaksi-reaksi alkena sebagai berikut.<br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> a) Reaksi Adisi (penambahan atau penjenuhan)<br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> Reaksi adisi, yaitu pengubahan ikatan rangkap menjadi ikatan tunggal dengan cara mengikat atom lain.<br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> Zat-zat yang dapat mengadisi alkena adalah :<br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> (1) Gas hidrogen (H₂)<br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> Reaksi adisi merupakan reaksi pemutusan ikatan rangkap. Pada adisi alkena, ikatan rangkap berubah menjadi ikatan tunggal. [2]<br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) CH₂ = CH₂ (etena) + H₂ → CH₃ – CH₃ (etana)</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) CH₂ = CH – CH₃ (propena) + H₂ → CH₃ – CH₂ – CH₃ (propana)</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> (2) Halogen </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">(F</span>_{<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">2</span>}<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">, Cl</span>_{<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">2</span>}<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">, Br</span>_{<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">2</span>}<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">, dan I</span>_{<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">2</span>}<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">)</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br clear="all" /> </span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Reaksi adisi oleh halogen akan memutus rantai rangkap alkena membentuk alkana. Selanjutnya halogen tersebut akan menjadi cabang/substituen dari alkana yang terbentuk. [2]</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> a)</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> </span><a href="http://comeon-moveon.blogspot.com/" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="73" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQfoj9D2Qsg3QS81iCxElEh6pbtwNBmiZPqV9JJn2BuWdljZCaX4AnyLUamr6B328Pso14lYeT7WtHdTkb4SliucWPAOsceH-ag9ONahtGOO4VsdhmYxSl5yTTwpnv7-hWsUFTXRzcXRGw/s320/propena-1,2%E2%80%93dibromopropana.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/> </v:formulas> <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/> <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/> </v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_i1031" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="propena 1,2–dibromopropana" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYh7_YYrErzK-RdA6Jp_tFOCODd3hYYboD-_S21bJj2GYPGVR5rkxEv-dxVfeXYE5AaJ5m7_A5h_v6eumPac3N7rI3FTFziu3L8lQRk-uBylcpAnckk3ZaRzJEfbSI7dyNW0OWUrNnrLY/s1600/propena-1,2%E2%80%93dibromopropana-242013.jpg" style='width:300pt;height:68.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square' o:button="t"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\WAHYUN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg" o:title="propena 1,2–dibromopropana"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> b)</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_i1030" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="propena 1,2-dikloro-propana" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixOMl8yApXb01hr1pVSAj5_qaH-bD3bf4-6tu7xsr1fC1bbnf1hWhcV4-HQYzS99zVOmyj6Ru5K6k_ACZNtAZ9Tn62Ml3eePCOfNJjwmO7fTv8SL278EM4fFN8Q6Faa1AiQ1xVx7KiW-A/s1600/propena-1,2-dikloro-propana-242013.jpg" style='width:300pt;height:77.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square' o:button="t"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\WAHYUN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.jpg" o:title="propena 1,2-dikloro-propana"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br /></span> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="http://comeon-moveon.blogspot.com/" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="83" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEiXq8eOAiqoZErOzv3-NeIIjZxmWphJMlPc0Hv88pt435tgdcnlT3kXPhw18zQ2vTtEiASyOCGw_aRKwzpiCzfI4TmgipTgXJACKUkNjUrPbR7h9blIb1oa4j_gT00wA0C6J5sc4pmw0R/s320/propena-1,2-dikloro-propana.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">(3) Asam halida (HCl, HBr, HF, dan HI)</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> Jika alkena menangkap asam halida berlaku aturan Markovnikov, yaitu atom H dari asam halida akan terikat</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">pada atom C berikatan rangkap yang telah memiliki atom H lebih banyak. </span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> Jika atom C yang berikatan rangkap memiliki jumlah H yang sama, halida akan terikat pada atom C yang paling panjang. [2]</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> a.</span><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKksuAkqFCyF-YHDybJMDEz81ChRemirLiZfMkieW15xitXzgGVDBWYP2X258vgOriIgK46B2-zHZUWz-aLCa_lh9cd5tOQhEA3XP_NQS0ldpzKktUYoVzlIUSmv9jAtAl4dMQxQXYip1J/s1600/propena-2%E2%80%93kloropropena-242013.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="96" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKksuAkqFCyF-YHDybJMDEz81ChRemirLiZfMkieW15xitXzgGVDBWYP2X258vgOriIgK46B2-zHZUWz-aLCa_lh9cd5tOQhEA3XP_NQS0ldpzKktUYoVzlIUSmv9jAtAl4dMQxQXYip1J/s320/propena-2%E2%80%93kloropropena-242013.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3496094008741877628" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3496094008741877628" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3496094008741877628" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_i1029" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="propena 2–kloropropena" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhV6socl90sDDgJG5tVOrwEuNJyIyR63P36SMtYBjsOw-WMVCgvtAR7D-BsustD4lxmxqC5Ab43cqXboLwxLuU69u3jwSfZ3GQdevShDA5GPC8crBBtWwY3PPek6_BQXyISop-nxb4H1Ns/s1600/propena-2%E2%80%93kloropropena-242013.jpg" style='width:300pt;height:90pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square' o:button="t"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\WAHYUN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.jpg" o:title="propena 2–kloropropena"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">b.</span><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqm90a-KcqjUZ7S58sC0zjCTjffNZKjAlj4DES_3GVlDpHk_4TsgKHm3G7vKUBTwG3-XRyWIKoJ5ZeZqKuEzB-_YFH_DYR1NEOE90a3WwgIe5FD3jQvl_QttkILtRTtvrxlqLfLblVdKJF/s1600/ikatan-rangkap-membagi-sama-banyak-atom-C-dan-atom-H-simetris.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="70" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqm90a-KcqjUZ7S58sC0zjCTjffNZKjAlj4DES_3GVlDpHk_4TsgKHm3G7vKUBTwG3-XRyWIKoJ5ZeZqKuEzB-_YFH_DYR1NEOE90a3WwgIe5FD3jQvl_QttkILtRTtvrxlqLfLblVdKJF/s320/ikatan-rangkap-membagi-sama-banyak-atom-C-dan-atom-H-simetris.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div> <br /> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_4" o:spid="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="ikatan rangkap membagi sama banyak atom C dan atom H, sehingga simetris" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHq241EDkx-2Fs1lyPASz1bKl0wXkXPEvlO2mAe5P3aEHp-cJXe1O-9vJtJr0oO3NdB1D8eYZZ_3xaM_1dP78ViD46fPiwnv72-L-JNFm68CmKwdDJdwkXveumS7r_jAwVya936y1HGD8/s1600/ikatan-rangkap-membagi-sama-banyak-atom-C-dan-atom-H-simetris.jpg" style='width:240pt;height:52.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square' o:button="t"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\WAHYUN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.jpg" o:title="ikatan rangkap membagi sama banyak atom C dan atom H, sehingga simetris"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Pada gambar di atas ikatan rangkap membagi sama banyak atom C dan atom H, sehingga simetris.<br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3496094008741877628" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3496094008741877628" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_5" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="ikatan rangkap tidak membagi sama banyak atom C dan atom H, sehingga tidak simetris" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXVLHsX3YkppQ8oCf03PjWnaInY9HEXJRpDQne5LKtwbQR8QRD0ct-QtsfYOKEv3Gr4QHKW-7K7TAY9o6DiDZigOtpGcpogB_-IHOHB4bmOImHvrUw5yhBs6td3QXMRVjylCBDXLuCzjw/s1600/ikatan-rangkap-tidak-membagi-sama-banyak-atom-C-dan-atom-H-tidak-simetris.jpg" style='width:240pt;height:41.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square' o:button="t"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\WAHYUN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.jpg" o:title="ikatan rangkap tidak membagi sama banyak atom C dan atom H, sehingga tidak simetris"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi525_agX39imNgiX5U5Bk3LxarTz56CTn44EGyWRmfe0a5xOeqT3Yew2IswGgGavVL5hFwGgBW60kGxpREMg06jBk_GftA4XvKtqd2RJ4CieGgOcod1zAeZSW_q3_Vbsw936ZUTMh-rjEn/s1600/ikatan-rangkap-tidak-membagi-sama-banyak-atom-C-dan-atom-H-tidak-simetris.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="55" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi525_agX39imNgiX5U5Bk3LxarTz56CTn44EGyWRmfe0a5xOeqT3Yew2IswGgGavVL5hFwGgBW60kGxpREMg06jBk_GftA4XvKtqd2RJ4CieGgOcod1zAeZSW_q3_Vbsw936ZUTMh-rjEn/s320/ikatan-rangkap-tidak-membagi-sama-banyak-atom-C-dan-atom-H-tidak-simetris.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Pada gambar di atas ikatan rangkap tidak membagi sama banyak atom C dan atom H, sehingga tidak simetris.<br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> Keterangan: H terikat pada atom </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">C₁</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> karena </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">C₁</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> mengikat 2 atom H dan </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">C₂</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> mengikat hanya 1 atom H. Sedangkan Br terikat pada atom</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">C₂</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">.<br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">b) Reaksi Pembakaran (oksidasi dengan oksigen)<br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> 1) Pembakaran sempurna alkena menghasilkan </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">CO</span>_{<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">2</span>}<span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> dan </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">H</span>_{<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">2</span>}<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">O</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">.<br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">C₂H₄ + 3 O₂  → 2 CO₂ + 2 H₂O</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> 2) Pembakaran tidak sempurna alkena menghasilkan CO dan </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">H</span>_{<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">2</span>}<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">O</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">.<br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">C₂H₄ + 2 O2 → 2 CO + 2 H₂O</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> c) Reaksi Polimerisasi<br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> Reaksi polimerisasi adalah reaksi penggabungan molekul-molekul sederhana (monomer) menjadi molekul besar (polimer).<br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> Contoh :<br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> Polimerisasi etena menjadi polietena<br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">n CH₂ = CH₂ → – CH₂ – CH₂– → [– CH₂ – CH₂ –]_n</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br clear="all" /><a href="http://comeon-moveon.blogspot.com/2013/09/sifat-fisik-kimia-alkana-alkena-alkuna-senyawa-kimia.html">3. <b>Sifat Senyawa Alkuna</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">a. <b>Sifat Fisika Alkuna</b><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> 1) Sifat fisika alkuna sama dengan alkana dan alkena. Alkuna juga sedikit larut dalam air.<br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> 2) Titik didih alkuna mirip dengan alkana dan alkena. Semakin bertambah jumlah atom C harga Mr makin besar maka titik didihnya makin tinggi.<br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> b. <b>Sifat Kimia Alkuna</b><br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> Reaksi- reaksi pada alkuna mirip dengan alkena, hanya berbeda pada kebutuhan jumlah pereaksi untuk penjenuhan ikatan rangkap.<br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> Alkuna membutuhkan jumlah pereaksi dua kali kebutuhan pereaksi pada alkena untuk jumlah ikatan rangkap yang sama.<br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> Contoh :<br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> Reaksi penjenuhan etena oleh gas hidrogen<br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">CH₂ = CH₂ (</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">etena)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">+ H₂→ CH₃ – CH₃ (</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">etana)</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> a) Oksidasi [2]<br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> Sebagaimana hidrokarbon pada umumnya, alkuna jika dibakar sempurna akan menghasilkan CO2 dan H2O.<br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">C₃H₄+ 4O₂ → 3CO₂ + 2H₂O</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> b) Adisi </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">H</span>_{<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">2</span>}<span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> [2]<br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> Alkuna mengalami dua kali adisi oleh H2 untuk menghasilkan alkana.<br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> Contoh :<br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> <br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 659px;"> <tbody> <tr style="height: 13.1pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="height: 13.1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 92.85pt;" valign="top" width="124"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">HC ≡ C – CH₃<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 13.1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 18.9pt;" valign="top" width="25"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">+</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 13.1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1.0cm;" valign="top" width="38"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">H₂<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 13.1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">→<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 13.1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.35pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">H₂C = CH – CH₃<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 13.1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1.0cm;" valign="top" width="38"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">+</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 13.1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1.0cm;" valign="top" width="38"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">H₂<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 13.1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1.0cm;" valign="top" width="38"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">→<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 13.1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" valign="top" width="170"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">H₃C – CH₂ – CH₃<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 13.1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="height: 13.1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 92.85pt;" valign="top" width="124"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">propuna<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 13.1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 18.9pt;" valign="top" width="25"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 13.1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1.0cm;" valign="top" width="38"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 13.1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 13.1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.35pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">propena<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 13.1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1.0cm;" valign="top" width="38"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 13.1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1.0cm;" valign="top" width="38"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 13.1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1.0cm;" valign="top" width="38"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="height: 13.1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.55pt;" valign="top" width="170"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">propana<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br clear="all" /> c) Adisi Halogen [2]<br clear="all" /> <o:p></o:p></span><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuUUJIFPSEiOw-juElenubopnIcKc9X6ncYDk03dEuia7vFPItmHTuAs0nVxFmicALh3Iav1UIPBWibs7Ye73AiSJfZqtct2wHBPGJ6PhbGTCgmUgseUWz2MitMisWQgD6CCHnyviLogu6/s1600/reaksi-adisi-halogen-alkuna.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="102" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuUUJIFPSEiOw-juElenubopnIcKc9X6ncYDk03dEuia7vFPItmHTuAs0nVxFmicALh3Iav1UIPBWibs7Ye73AiSJfZqtct2wHBPGJ6PhbGTCgmUgseUWz2MitMisWQgD6CCHnyviLogu6/s400/reaksi-adisi-halogen-alkuna.jpg" width="400" /></a></div> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br /></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_6" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="reaksi adisi halogen alkuna" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgELJ_6Ks6P7hINaYpdbXMgumuV3yh0YfLJnzonSI4Ud_gywSVPP62YR2ACk48W5N4gf4NZsS9puEoSpz74RbGXgP_1jGZhUSK42BcLj8Nmhpx6Ovkq9CvRV3_Qro1rkZHbPObohvrS4JI/s1600/reaksi-adisi-halogen-alkuna-242013.jpg" style='width:480pt;height:123pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square' o:button="t"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\WAHYUN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.jpg" o:title="reaksi adisi halogen alkuna"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">d) Adisi Asam halida [2]<br clear="all" /> Adisi alkuna oleh asam halida mengikuti aturan Markovnikov sebagaimana pada alkena.<br clear="all" /> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNKHxq74ziJLlexadZ9lO2tPBFVTUnXDt_If9AUuvy-ycZtOgjgKhRyNbvV6ZMbCVg1to924OSKezgtQGRn3d5nbV70aShjJrpyT8Uv6aGxakhvTZUemN4nhujjnF351Pwz6MVje_WZIe1/s1600/reaksi-adisi-asam-halida-alkuna.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="120" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNKHxq74ziJLlexadZ9lO2tPBFVTUnXDt_If9AUuvy-ycZtOgjgKhRyNbvV6ZMbCVg1to924OSKezgtQGRn3d5nbV70aShjJrpyT8Uv6aGxakhvTZUemN4nhujjnF351Pwz6MVje_WZIe1/s400/reaksi-adisi-asam-halida-alkuna.jpg" width="400" /></a><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_7" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="reaksi Adisi Asam halida alkuna" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigGQD7f_cnVjod-1vkdNMLYTe-TZ4OYrxZI1iSNdA7Q4mvXpcdQyfcU-621qhyh_KmtQR_hX7uWCPyJK82VFESoEzBdEluUtmvY1RhWWd8PLu7Ld0AUPqbdLzyN-S9DJ6mSYpcpoKtPwE/s1600/reaksi-adisi-asam-halida-alkuna-242013.jpg" style='width:480pt;height:2in;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square' o:button="t"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\WAHYUN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image007.jpg" o:title="reaksi Adisi Asam halida alkuna"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3496094008741877628" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3496094008741877628" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3496094008741877628" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3496094008741877628" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3496094008741877628" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3496094008741877628" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3496094008741877628" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3496094008741877628" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3496094008741877628" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 107%;"><br clear="all" /> Anda sekarang sudah mengetahui</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><b><i><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 107%;">Sifat Fisika dan Kimia Alkana, Alkena, Alkuna</span></i></b><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 107%;">. Terima kasih anda sudah berkunjung ke</span><span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 107%;"> <a href="http://comeon-moveon.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">Comeon-Moveon</a>.</span>

Sifat Fisika dan Kimia Alkana, Alkena, Alkuna, Senyawa Kimia

Sifat Fisika dan Kimia Alkana, Alkena, Alkuna, Senyawa Kimia - Berikut ini adalah materi lengkapnya : 1.   Sifat Senyawa Alkana a...

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Proses Terjadinya Hujan Asam

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2SW7V6jmE4673EkfZH3rOxQT96r6TmyIW5dUsnK_vn55gOHebA0azmTKCJcckXnhRVtV8wNaCHeH1HqHp0yE-cNkq-v4PMitnaMo10a6f4DctgG0QbD7PvVb8TJ2DBpI3iwU5ph8xxFX6/s1600/hujan+asam.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2SW7V6jmE4673EkfZH3rOxQT96r6TmyIW5dUsnK_vn55gOHebA0azmTKCJcckXnhRVtV8wNaCHeH1HqHp0yE-cNkq-v4PMitnaMo10a6f4DctgG0QbD7PvVb8TJ2DBpI3iwU5ph8xxFX6/s640/hujan+asam.jpg" width="640" /></a></div> Asap pabrik/ industri yang membentuk sulfur oksida (SO) dan asap kendaraan yang membentuk nitrogen oksida (NO) berkumpul menjadi satu dan bereaksi dengan uap air yang kemudian akan membentuk asam sulfat, asam nitrit dan asam nitrat lalu berkondensasi membentuk awan dan terjadi hujan dengan PH<5,6 hujan ini yang disebut dengan hujan asam.

Proses Terjadinya Hujan Asam

Asap pabrik/ industri yang membentuk sulfur oksida (SO) dan asap kendaraan yang membentuk nitrogen oksida (NO) berkumpul menjadi satu dan ...

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